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The Beginner's Guide to Freelance Writing

The Big IdeaOkay. So youve figured out weeks.(Optional. Some people like to
that you would like to write for suggest a time frame, others let the
magazines, newspapers, and e-zines. editor do it. In general, the editor will
Unfortunately, so have about eight tell you when the article is due,
gazillion other people on this planet. regardless of your preferences. Its a
Therefore, you have to stand out from the nice touch to mention how you will
crowd. You have to sparkle. How do you research your article. Mine was primarily
do this? Simple. It all starts with The dependent on interviews, but you may wish
Big Idea. The first secret you must to include the names of journals/experts
learn in this funny business is that you you plan to quote or use for
dont actually have to write the whole information.)I look forward to your
article to get a job. In fact, only response.(Obligatory polite ending. Use
bright green novices attempt to write the any variation you wish. No pleading. If
whole thing before selling it. What you you dare type, I promise to write a
do need, however, is the IDEA for the reallllly, realllly good article! Please
great story. You will use this great idea hire me!, you will incur my wrath. I will
to convince editors to pay you hunt you down and yell at you. A lot.
exorbitant amounts of money via a Just a simple, dignified ending
proposal letter (called a query letter. requesting a response.)Regards,Jenna
But youll learn about that in a Glatzer(Oh. Substitute your name and
minute).So, where will you find this Big preferred signature ending. Unless you
Idea? Well, youve heard that wise adage feel like sending your paycheck to me, in
write what you know. Thats a wonderful which case, you can feel free to use my
mantra for finding your jumping-off name. Grin.)Finally, clips! If youve had
point. You dont need to stick to what you anything publishedor even if you havent,
know for the specific focus of your but you have a few good writing samples
story, but tap into your already huge vat appropriate for this type of
of knowledge to find the storys basis. marketinclude them. These samples are
This is how you will become an expert. called clips, and they are used to show
Experts are in demand. People with the editor that you are an intelligent,
stories arent. What you have to do is insightful, funny, clever, and/or
sneak your stories into your areas of excellent writer. Photocopy your articles
expertise. Example: lets say your hobbies straight from the publication. Just 2-3
and interests include fishing, watching clips.When you're sending queries by
talk shows, and traveling. Good! You are e-mail, you can paste the text of your
a potential expert in those areas. Jot clips into the body of the e-mail (never
these things down. Now comes the fun as an attachment!), or you can direct
part: brainstorming.The biggest mistake the editor to one or two website URLs
you can make in pitching your story is where she can view your
being too general. Never, ever send a articles.Interviews and ProfilesI know,
letter to the editor suggesting an you feel weird about this one, right?
article about fishing. Not even an Youre uncomfortable calling someone or
article about fishing in Florida. This visiting a business to ask a professional
vagueness is not appropriate for short to take precious time out of their day
writing. In general, you will be to help you research your article.Well,
expected to write somewhere between 800 buck up, little camper, because most
and 2000 words on your topic. You professionals absolutely love to be
couldnt possibly tell us all about interviewed. They jump at the chance, for
fishing in 2000 words. What you could a few reasons. These are the reasons to
do, however, is give us a comparison of keep in mind when you feel small and
twelve different lures used to catch silly for asking:It shows you respect
sailfish. Or the pros and cons of joining their opinion and/or job.It gives them
a fishing club. Or even how the moon can opportunities for publicity of their
tell you if itll be a good fishing day.So business.It gives them the chance to brag
heres your first assignment. Get out your to friends that they are quoted in a
trusty notebook. (If you dont have one, magazine.It gives them something to frame
stop reading and get one. Right now.) On and show clients.Finally, someone is
the first page, write down a list of any recognizing their genius and taking an
and all topics that interest you. Its interest in their work.Theyre usually
okay to be general here. Need some ideas wannabe writers, anyway, and they will be
to get you started?Think through your just as happy to pick your brain to find
whole day. Dont neglect anything. What do out how you got the job.Before you
you do from the moment you wake up until approach experts:Make sure you already
the moment you fall asleep? You turn off have your questions mapped out, at least
your alarm clock. (An article about alarm briefly. What exactly do you need to
clocks disrupting valuable sleep stages! know from this person? What could this
Or waking up to music versus waking up to person tell you that no one else can?
that annoying beeping sound. Or the Avoid yes or no questions. Ask
optimal number of times to press the open-ended questions that could lead to
snooze button.) You brush your teeth. lengthy responses chock full of great
(Article: What all those touted quotes. Also, have a synopsis of your
ingredientsfluoride, peroxide, baking planned article ready, so you can tell
sodareally do for your teeth.) You take a your expert what youre writing and how
shower. Maybe with your significant they can supplement your knowledge.How
other. Lucky you. (Romantic showers for to approach experts:Get on the phone.
two.)Moving on. You go to work. This is Have your idea condensed into 2-3
the most obvious area of expertise. Lets sentences, so you can quickly explain
say youre a secretary. How ergonomic yourself to whomever answers the
office equipment can save you from phone.Hello. My name is Jenna, and Im
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, an achy back, and writing an article about the rise in
a stiff neck. How to avoid screaming at vegetarianism among young women in Nevada
your boss when hes a total idiot. Five for Youth In Nevada Magazine. I know Dr.
couples (or ex-couples) share their Spuds is a well-respected nutritionist,
wisdom about dating in the office. Think and Im hoping she would be willing to
about what cover story would entice you answer a few questions on this subject.At
to pay three dollars for a magazine. You this point, the secretary will say, Hold,
dont have to have the knowledge to and make you listen to elevator musak
actually write the article yet. You just while she summons the boss. Or shell take
have to know you can get this information down your number and have Dr. Spuds call
later.Next, you come home. What happens? you back. Or it will be Dr. Spuds
Do you have kids? Great! A wealth of herself, and shell say, What do you want
article ideas. You could write about to know?Your options at this point are
childcare agencies, potty training, (1) Ask questions over the phone, right
decoding teenage slang, teaching table then and there. Make sure you check to
manners youre getting the idea now, make sure your expert is not pressed for
right? Run with it!Write at least one time before you begin. (2) Set up a phone
page of general topics that interest you, date to conduct the interview. (3) Ask
then weed out the most interesting ones. if you can meet in person. This is
Narrow it down to three or four. Then goodalmost necessaryif the person will
write those three or four topics on top be the focus of your article. If the
of brand new pages. Now fill up those person is being used just to add a few
pages with specific article angles. Just quotes, you dont have to meet in person,
write. Dont edit yourself. Dont judge. because its unlikely youll ever need to
Just write whatever pops into your head. write, Dr. Spuds wrinkled her brow and
If you need motivation, play it like a stared into her pea soup as she explained
game of Scattergories. Set a timer for that young women are becoming more
ten minutes. See how many ideas you can health-conscious. (4) Trade e-mail
jot down before the timer sounds.Keep in addresses and send over a list of
mind that there are markets for almost questions. This approach isnt usually the
any conceivable topic. Dont limit best, because it doesnt allow you to
yourself to the headlines youd read in react to, and build from, information you
Vogue and Good Housekeeping. Between gain in answers to previous questions.
newspapers, consumer magazines, trade However, if the publication will not
magazines, e-zines, tabloids, literary reimburse you for long distance phone
journals, and more, youre bound to find calls, and you have to conduct a lengthy
an appropriate publication for your Big interview, e-mail exchanges are
Idea.You want to know more about these acceptable. Just make ! sure you specify
markets? Read on!Researching the a due date for the responses. Be
MarketsFirst, youll need a few reasonabletry to give the expert a week
definitions:Consumer Magazines: These to answer all your questions.The
typically pay the best. These are the SalesOkay, you sent out your killer
types of magazines you might find in a query, and you got a phone call from an
grocery store check-out line, convenience editor with the big news: you got the
store, in your airplane seat pocket, or assignment! Congratulations, you! Go on
your doctors office. Types of consumer and do a little dance of joy, then crash
mags: mens, womens, special interest, back to reality with your new mantra: GET
inflight, teens, school/career, travel, IT IN WRITING. Make sure the editor tells
health, ethnic/minority, political, you that a written contract is
entertainment, romance, religious, etc. forthcoming in the near future.If youve
This is the area most writers try to researched your market, you probably
break into.Literary Magazines: These dont already have an idea of the pay rate,
pay much, if at all. However, what they but be sure to cover this ground in that
lack in moolah, they make up for in initial phone call if the editor fails
prestige. If youre looking to jump-start to mention it. Important things to
your career as a fiction writer or poet, remember:On Publication vs. On
your best chance at recognition may come AcceptanceYou not only need to know how
in the form of one of these small much youll be paid, but also, when youll
publications. Often published by be paid. Many markets want to pay you on
colleges and universities, their publication. This can be a problem,
circulation is usually regional and low. because many magazines and journals have
They generally seek scholarly essays, long lead times. (Translation: a long
intellectually challenging prose, poetry, time between when they assign you the
and book reviews. Publishers will be article and when it actually ends up in
impressed if you succeed in placing your print.) If you write an article in
work in one of the more prominent January, and it doesnt get published
journals (Cimarron Review, Ploughshares, until November, you probably wont see a
and Story, for example).Trade Journals: check until December. Do you want to wait
Pay varies greatly. Any publication that a year to get paid? Can you wait that
focuses on a particular occupation long? This is a point you absolutely can
industry falls into this category. This negotiate. Ask for payment on
is where your expertise can shine. There acceptance. If this is refused, it gives
are trade journals for almost every line you a little leverage to work with on
of work, from art dealers to truck the other issues, which areKill FeesIf
drivers. In general, your written you get the assignment, and, for whatever
eloquence is not as important as your reason, an editor decides not to print
research and timely knowledge for these your article, you can negotiate for a
publications.E-Zines: Pay varies greatly. kill fee. This is a percentage of the
Simply put, e-zines are simply magazines sale price. If you are offered $200 to
on the Internet. The only major write an article, you may get a $50 kill
difference is that articles for e-zines fee. Its a well known fact that big
can usually run longer than print publications kill articles all the time.
magazines. (No printing costs, so space Some editors admit to assigning 10-20%
isnt as important an issue for e-zine more than they could ever fit in the
editors.) Most e-zines dont pay (except magazine. They do this so they can pick
by means of a byline) but this trend is and choose from the final products, or so
changing. The most popular sites and they can see how things fit once the
Wired, for example) pay quite well. layout is complete. Some articles will be
Topics stretch as wide as your pushed back to other issues, and some
imagination.Now that you know, learn how will just be trashed.BiosWe like them.
to contact them!There are tons of ways to Those are the little blurbs that often
find markets that are open to follow an article, giving short
freelancers. If you were paying biographical information about the
attention, you might notice that this writer, and sometimes an e-mail address
very website is looking for writers! or phone number. Ask for one if you
Finding places to submit your work is can.Sidebars and PhotosThose are the
easy if you know where to look.First, little factoids or columns that rest next
the most important tool in a freelancers to the main article. For example, in an
toolbox is The Writers Market. Available article about exercise, youll often see a
at any major bookstore, this is an annual little chart on the side that tells how
compilation of more than 2,000 many calories are burned by doing
magazines, 1,000 book publishers, and specific exercises (riding a bike,
even specialized markets like greeting climbing a hill, etc.). If you can
cards, script writing, and syndicates.The suggest sidebars, you can often get extra
next best tools are online. Lucky you! pay. Same goes for photos. If youve got a
Theyre free. Absolute Markets is a weekly decent camera and a good eye, offer
e-zine filled with market guidelines, photos for a few extra bucks.To Spec or
contest listings, and marketing tips. Not To SpecEspecially as a novice writer,
Freelancing4Money puts out a jam-packed youll sometimes get asked to write an
e-zine filled with freelance article on speculation. This means that
opportunities. Writer's Digest has a youll have to write the whole article
great, searchable database of markets. and submit it without a contract, or any
Writing For Dollars has a biweekly promise of payment. Its a bone of
newsletter with market guidelines, and a contention among professional writers,
searchable database on the website. And because almost no other field works this
Writers Weekly lists calls for writers way. Its never do the job, and then Ill
and market guidelines each week.You can decide if I feel like paying you. Only in
even run a search for freelance writers this crazy business. Harrumph.That said,
on any major search engine, and youre I advise you to take spec assignments in
likely to come up with tons of listings. the beginning. Once youre established,
Try specifying if possible; add words you shouldnt need to do this, but in
that fit your needs. (Example: paying order to build up your resume and your
markets, romance, teen magazines.)So, clips, you need to get published. So go
your next assignment is this: go back to ahead and submit on spec, and go ahead
your trusty notebook and pick out your and do a few free/nearly free pieces for
very favorite idea. That will now be the experience.Before submitting
known as your Big Idea. Pick the markets anything, though, make sure you know in
that best fit your idea. Choose several. advance what the terms will be if the
Find out if you can get a free or editor does use your piece. How much will
discounted sample copy. (Writers often you be paid? What rights will they
can, if you specify that you would like buy?Even many of the big markets have
to query them in the future.) Request adopted the practice of requesting
writers guidelines if available. Its pieces on spec. They do this because they
considered poor form to query can get away with it. Because there are
publications that youve never read, or thousands of wannabe writers out there
know nothing about. Do your best to read who will beg, borrow, and steal for the
at least one copy of whatever magazine or chance to be published. So, if you want
journal you plan to query. Check your to compete, sometimes youll have to suck
library for copies if you prefer not to it up and accept this. Once the
go broke researching.Got it now? You publication accepts one of your spec
have your idea, and youve found places to pieces, youll be a much more likely
submit it? Great! Then you'll need to candidate for an outright assignment
learn proper protocol for writing and next time.Rights to WriteThere are
submitting the Killer Query.The Killer several kinds of rights a publication may
QueryThe job of the query letter is to buy:First North American Serial RightsThe
entice an editor to say, Hey! Id be newspaper or magazine has the right to
interested in learning more about that. publish this piece for the first time in
Therefore, you dont want to spill all any periodical. All other rights belong
your secrets and research yet. You want to the writer.One-Time RightsThe
to tease and tantalize. Now that youve publication buys the nonexclusive right
got your fabulous Big Idea, your job is to publish the piece once. The writer
to condense (or expand) that idea into can sell the same article to other
two to three paragraphs.To illustrate the publications simultaneously.Second Serial
components of a killer query, here is an Rights (or Reprint Rights)Also
example of one of mine (using fictitious nonexclusive. Gives the publication the
contact infosorry!) that landed me the right to reprint an article that has
assignment:Jenna Glatzer(Always use appeared elsewhere.Electronic
proper formal letter format) RightsCovers CD-ROMs, e-zines, website
123 My Address content, games, etc. Get in writing
My City, State, Zip Code which electronic rights are specified--
(555) 555-5555Mr. Joe Shmoe First Electronic Rights, archiving
(Make SURE to get a name of the rights, etc. Most publications ask for
appropriate department College Life 101 the right to archive "indefinitely."
editor. Never address a letter to editor You can try to negotiate for a fixed term
or submissions.) (i.e., archiving rights for six
123 Their Address months).All RightsPretty
Their City, State, Zip CodeTodays Date, self-explanatory. You can never sell this
2003Dear Mr. Shmoe: piece to anyone else again. Try to avoid
(Colons are used in formal letters. this one. Most publications ask for
Commas are used in friendly First Serial Rights.Work-For-Hire
letters.)Think company cars, expense Rights-- The publication has come up with
accounts, and a spacious office with bay the idea and assigned it to you, and
windows. Who do you picture running a they will own it, lock, stock, and
business this successful?(Start the barrel. They own the copyright and don't
letter with a zinger that captures the even have to give you credit. It may be
essence of your proposed article/story. sliced, diced, repackaged, re-sold, etc.,
Raise a question that will cause the and you won't have any claim to it
reader to think, or give a visual image beyond what you were originally paid.TV
anything that will make him/her want to Motion Picture RightsAlso
read on and find out what youre talking self-explanatory. Almost always
about.)Think again. This company was the exclusive.Recycling Your Big IdeasThis is
brainchild of three Boston University the bread and butter of freelance
sophomores whose ambitions led them to writing. Its also called re-slanting.
thriving careers before they had Once youve got the Big Idea, dont waste
diplomas to hang on the wall.(The rest of it by only using it once. Use the
the first paragraph should give a concise information youve gathered and come up
description of the focus of your with off-shoot ideas. Slant it to appeal
proposed article. Remember to tell why to different markets.Youre afraid because
its appropriate to the publication youre of the issue of rights that we just
querying. In this case, I was targeting a discussed, right? (No pun intended.)
college magazine, so I made sure to Well, you have nothing to fear, provided
emphasize the relevance to their subject the new article is sufficiently
matter early in the letter.)Charles different in content and intended
Strader, Richard Skelton, and Pablo audience. If youve managed to sell your
Mondal run Net One, an Internet Service article to a major national magazine, it
Provider. The three met in the freshmen is considered poor form to try to sell a
dorms, then moved into an apartment re-slanted version to another national
together. Opportunity knocked when magazine.However, if youre dealing with
Strader, who worked for the universitys regional, specialized, or small
computer center, took a phone call from publications, there should be very little
the owner of a hair salon. She sought overlap of intended audience. Therefore,
help designing a website; Strader an editor from Alabama Aristocrats would
volunteered, and Net One was born.(Again, probably never know if you sold a
concisely, get a little deeper into the re-slanted version of your piece to
content of the article. What is special Guitarists Today. Even if they did know,
about your story? In this case, I wanted they almost certainly would not care.It
to emphasize that these guys were is standard and accepted practice, for
college buddies who started a booming the simple reason that it is darn
business by branching out from their difficult to make a living as a writer.
humble beginning.)Working closely with If you have the choice between making
friends to build something we believe in $100 for selling your piece to one small
is Mondals favorite perk. Skelton agrees. publication, or making $1000 by selling
We have great trust in each other, and altered versions to eight different small
feel that were all in this publications, which would you
together.(Quotations arent necessary in a choose?Re-slanting an article is easy,
query, but its nice to give something since youve already done the bulk of the
specific to show that you have done some research. Scrounge up a few new quotes,
research into your topic, and that you and use the information you left out of
have access to resources that will enable the first article. Focus it on the new
you to write the article well. I wanted desired market.For example, I could sell
to show that I had already spoken to an article about the health benefits of
these guysthey happen to be friends of meditation to a fitness magazine. A few
mineand that they would be upbeat and alterations, and that same article
inspirational people to interview. You becomes Religions Encouraging Meditation
can accomplish the same effect by for my local newspapers Society pages.
including a few quirky facts or survey Then it becomes Meditation Makes You
results youve found out about your Smarter for the college market. Then,
topic.)Considering that their only Meditate Your Stress Away for a working
capital was a computer and a small loan womans magazine. And I didnt even
from Straders father, the guys feel very mention all those new age/holistic
successful. Were not millionaires, but publications. What a field day!With just
we have goals, and were following them, a few more questions posed to your
says Skelton. I think thats true trusted experts, youve got a whole new
success. By any definition, Net Ones article. And, look! Youre becoming an
roster of more than 50 clients ranging expert yourself. This is how you begin
from colleges to Fortune 500 companies to find your nichea few specific subjects
attests to their hard work and that you feel comfortable writing about.
talent.(Look, editor. These guys are big Ah, soon those journalists will be coming
up-and-comers! Notice I mentioned to YOU with their questions."The
Fortune 500 companies. This lets the Extras"Once youve gotten a few
editor know quickly that these college assignments, and feel that youve really
guys arent small potatoes. It neatly ties embarked on this as a potential career
up the opening sentence, which promised (or just a part-time income-booster),
an article about guys who have a spacious youll want to think about the little
office, expense accounts, and company extras.A nice touch: get yourself some
car. Now the editor has a reason to nice letterhead. Splurge a little with
believe that these guys actually are that your second or third paycheck and invest
successful.)I propose a 1,000 word in professionally printed letterhead.
profile for your Students At Work Presentation does count when submitting
section.(Shows Ive researched their your correspondence to an editor. Avoid
magazine. I know which section this cutesy clip art of quill pens and
should fit, and Ive read their inkwells.Also, an invoice. You should
guidelines to determine an appropriate always include an invoice with your
word count.)I am a full-time freelance completed article. Often, the person you
writer, and my works have been recently submit the story to is not the same
featured in such publications as 201 person in charge of sending you a
Magazine, College Bound(Notice I mention paycheck. By including an invoice, you
the most relevant magazines first.